Christian IV's Summer House
In the bustling heart of modern Copenhagen lies a fairytale castle that seems to have been dropped from another era. Rosenborg Castle (Rosenborg Slot) was built by King Christian IV, Denmark's famous 'builder king,' in the early 17th century. Originally intended as a modest summer house outside the city walls, Christian IV loved the project so much that he kept expanding it until it became the magnificent Dutch Renaissance palace we see today. With its towering spires, red brick masonry, and sandstone ornamentation, it remains a beloved symbol of the Danish monarchy. It was one of Christian IV's favorite residences, and he loved it so much that he commanded to be brought here to die in 1648.
The King's Private World
Unlike the grand ceremonial palaces of Christiansborg or Amalienborg, Rosenborg offers an intimate glimpse into the private lives of the kings. It was used as a royal residence until 1710, and the interiors have been remarkably preserved. Walking through the rooms is like traveling through time. You can see Christian IV's private toilet (with a surprisingly modern flush mechanism for the 1600s), his writing desk, and even the blood-stained clothing he wore during the naval Battle of Colberger Heide in 1644, where he lost an eye. The display of these bloodied garments was a calculated move to show his sacrifice for the nation, solidifying his image as a warrior king.
The Knights' Hall and the Silver Lions
The crowning glory of the castle is the Knights' Hall (Riddersalen) on the third floor. Originally a ballroom, it was later used for banquets and audiences. The hall is dominated by the Coronation Thrones. The King's Throne is a masterpiece of absolutist propaganda, made of narwhal tusks (which were believed to be unicorn horns) and guarded by three life-size silver lions. The lions—named Dot, Dan, and Od—are said to come alive to protect the monarch. The ceiling is adorned with the Danish coat of arms, surrounded by the Orders of the Elephant and the Dannebrog. The tapestries on the walls depict Christian V's victories in the Scanian War, reminding visitors of Denmark's past military might.
The Treasury: The Crown Jewels
Deep in the specially fortified basement lies Denmark's greatest treasure: the Crown Jewels and the Royal Regalia. The collection is one of the finest in Europe and includes:
- The Crown of Christian IV (1596): An open crown of gold, enamel, and table-cut stones, considered one of the finest Renaissance crowns in the world.
- The Crown of Christian V (1670): A closed 'absolute' crown used for the anointing of all subsequent absolute monarchs.
- The Queen's Crown: Made for Queen Sophie Magdalene in 1731.
- The Crown Jewels: Four sets (parures) of emeralds, diamonds, rubies, and pearls. Uniquely, these jewels are not just museum pieces; they are still worn by the Queen of Denmark on special state occasions. However, by law, they must never leave the borders of Denmark.
The Glass Cabinet and Flora Danica
Another unique feature is the Glass Cabinet, created in 1714. It houses a vast collection of glass and porcelain, including Venetian glass given as gifts to the Danish kings. The way the light hits the hundreds of glass pieces is dazzling, showcasing the king's wealth and taste. It was designed to mimic the 'Porcelain Cabinets' popular in other European courts but with a focus on glass, which was a rare luxury. The castle also holds one of the finest collections of Flora Danica porcelain, a famous Danish dinner service hand-painted with botanical accuracy.
The Winter Room
One of the most atmospheric rooms is the Winter Room, located on the ground floor. It was Christian IV's favorite living room. The dark wood paneling is inlaid with paintings purchased by the King in Antwerp, creating a cozy and rich environment. A cleverly concealed speaking tube allowed the King to give orders to the wine cellar below without having to summon a servant, ensuring his private conversations remained private. It is small details like this that make Rosenborg feel more like a home than a museum.
The King's Garden
Rosenborg is set within The King's Garden (Kongens Have), the oldest and most visited park in Copenhagen. Designed in the Renaissance style, it features rose gardens, statues (including one of Hans Christian Andersen), and long avenues of lime trees. In the summer, it is the city's living room, filled with locals picnicking and enjoying the view of the castle towers rising above the trees. The view of the castle from the rose garden is particularly striking and offers one of the best photo opportunities in the city.
Visitor Information
Rosenborg Castle is a must-see in Copenhagen. Due to its small rooms and high popularity, entry is by timed ticket only, and it is highly recommended to book online in advance to avoid disappointment. Large bags must be stored in lockers. Combining a visit to the castle's dark, glittering treasury with a sunny walk in the King's Garden is the perfect Copenhagen experience. The castle is located within walking distance of Nørreport Station.